Photo Credits
European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner feeding damage on stalk and leaves:
John van Duyn, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Southern cornstalk borer larva, Diatraea crambidoides (Grote), in stem:
Clemson University, Department of Entomology Cooperative Extension Service, Clemson, SC.
Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) nymph:
Jack Kelly Clark, used with permission of the University of California Statewide IPM Project.
Geographical insect distribution maps:
Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN.
Maize growth stages:
Ritchie, S. W., J. J. Hanway, G. 0. Benson and J. C. Herman. 1992. How a Corn Plant Develops, Special Report No. 48. Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Cooperative Extension Service, Ames, Iowa. https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/corn-growth-stages
References
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Center for Integrated Pest Management.1982. Insect and Related Pests of Field Crops (AG271), Pests of Corn/Sorghum. Armyworm/Corn Root Aphid/Corn Leaf Aphid/Stalk Borers. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC.
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Center for Integrated Pest Management, Variegated Cutworm. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC.
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Ohio Pest Management & Survey Program. Field Crops Pest Management Circular # 12. Seed Maggots, Seedcorn Beetles, Wireworms & Grubs. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Ritchie, S.W., J.J. Hanway, G.O. Benson and J.C. Herman. 1992. How a Corn Plant Develops, Special Report No. 48. Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Cooperative Extension Service, Ames, IA.
Seymour, R.C., G.L. Hein, R.J. Wright and J.B. Campbell. 1998. Western Bean Cutworm in Corn and Dry Beans. NebGuide G98-1359. Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
Witkowski, J. and S. Danielson. 1988. Stalk Borer in Corn. NebGuide G80-521. Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska.
Witkowski, J. and R. Wright. 1997. The European Corn Borer: Biology and Management. Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.
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